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Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
Civaka Cintamani ((タミル語:சீவக சிந்தாமணி) ) is a classical epic poem. It is a Jain religious epic authored by Tirutakkatevar. ''Civaka Cintamani'' means "fabulous gem", is also known by alternative name ''Manannul'' ((タミル語:மண நூல்)) or "Book of Marriages".〔Ramaswamy 2007, pp. 102-103〕
It is considered one of the five great Tamil epics according to later Tamil literary tradition, the others being ''Manimegalai'', ''Silappadikaram'', ''Valayapathi'' and ''Kundalakesi''.〔Mukherjee 1999, p. 277〕 In its form, it anticipates the Ramayana of Kambar. ''Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi'' was much appreciated by the Chola king who was its patron and was well received at his Chola court. It has been admired for its poetic form, appealing story-line, and theological message. The story concerns a hero who through his virtue rises to become king, only to renounce his high station and pursue a life of religious merit.
It was composed during the 10th century CE by Thiruthakka Thevar, a Jain monk. It narrates the romantic exploits of Jeevaka and throws light on arts of music and dance of the era. It is reputed to have been the model for Kamba Ramayanam.〔 The epic is based on Sanskrit original and contains the exposition of Jain doctrines and beliefs. It is a ''mudi-porul-thodar-nilai-seyyul'' ((タミル語:முடி பொருள் தொடர் நிலை செய்யுள்)), a treatise of the fourfold object of life and aim of literary work of virtue, wealth, pleasure and bliss.〔M.S. 1904, pp. 72-73〕 It is in 13 books or ''illambagams'' and contains 3147 stanzas. It is noted for its chaste diction and sublime poetry rich in religious sentiments and replete with information of arts and customs of social life.〔〔Mukherjee 1999, pp. 150-151〕 There are many commentaries on the book, the best on the work is believed to be by Naccinarkiniyar.〔 The martial adventures of the hero and the social pictures of the age are depicted in the epic.〔Kulasrestha 2006, p. 198〕
==Plot==
A king by the name of Caccantan loses himself in sexual enjoyment with his queen and inadvertently gives control of his kingdom to his corrupt minister Kattiyankaran. Kattiyankaran attacks Caccantan, and before the king dies he sends his now pregnant wife away on a flying peacock machine. Exiled in a cremation ground, she gives birth to Civakan, the titular character. Civakan grows up in a merchant's home and becomes the epitome of a Jain hero. He precedes through a number of adventures, marrying numerous women over the course of these events and all the while carrying on an affair with a dancing girl. Eventually, Civakan returns to take vengeance on Kattiyankaran, winning back the throne. He then marries his eighth and final wife, a personification of omniscience. Soon after he becomes weary of worldly life and, after meeting with Mahavira, he renounces the world.〔James Ryan, 1998. "Erotic Excess and Sexual Danger in the Civakacintamani." In Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History, ed. John E. Cort. Albany: State University of New York Press, 68.〕 The book concludes that all the worldly pleasures Jivaka enjoyed was nothing but illusions distracting him from the path of spiritual salvation.〔
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